Engineering Reference

Amorphous vs semi-crystalline

The two structural classes of thermoplastic, and the behaviour difference that follows.

Definition

Amorphous plastics — PVC, acrylic, polycarbonate, PEI, PES — have randomly arranged chains. They are usually transparent, shrink predictably, machine to a glassy finish, and are stiff at room temperature. Past their glass transition their stiffness collapses.

Semi-crystalline plastics — POM, nylon, PEEK, PTFE, polyolefins — have ordered regions that hold them stiff up to near the melting point. They resist fatigue and wear, do not stress-crack readily, and machine with a slightly waxy surface.

Common misuse

Selecting a plastic by tensile strength without checking which class it is in. The class predicts creep, wear and solvent behaviour better than the strength figure does.

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