Two independent cutting parameters: how fast the edge moves, and how fast it advances.
Speed (surface speed) governs temperature and tool wear. Feed (per tooth or per revolution) governs chip thickness, surface finish and cutting force. They are set independently and they solve different problems.
Surface finish in turning is dominated by feed — the theoretical roughness is approximately f² ÷ (32r) for feed f and nose radius r. If the finish is bad, feed is usually the first thing to change; if tool life is short, speed is.
Reducing speed to fix a poor finish. Finish is a feed and nose-radius problem; slowing down just wastes cycle time and may worsen built-up edge.
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