How deep the tool engages into the workpiece, measured perpendicular to the machined surface.
Depth of cut sets the cutting force and the volume of material removed, but it does not set the feed rate — that is determined by chip load and spindle speed. Confusing the two leads people to slow the feed on a heavy cut, which is exactly the wrong response.
For roughing, the aim is usually the deepest cut the machine and tool can take, because most of the heat goes into the chip and away from the edge. Many light passes generate more total heat and wear than one deep one.
Reducing the feed when the depth of cut is heavy. Reduce speed or depth instead — slowing the feed causes rubbing and work hardening.
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