Is Nylon 6/6 lighter than water?

The sourced unfilled TECAMID 66 natural example is 1.14 g/cm³, greater than water at approximately 1 g/cm³. Filled grades and moisture conditions require their own data.

Is water exactly 1 g/cm³?

No. The 4 °C row is a rounded model-based reference for air-free water. Density depends on conditions, and the current SI kilogram is not defined by water density.

Does a source make a value valid for every material with that name?

No. All 55 rows have been reviewed, but a source can cover only a named product, material model, species or range. Conditions not supplied by that source remain explicitly unspecified. Confirm your grade, temperature, moisture or packing before using a value.

How do I convert density into mass?

Multiply density by volume in compatible units. Density in kg/m³ times volume in m³ gives mass in kg. A weight force additionally requires gravitational acceleration.

Is specific gravity the same as density?

No. Specific gravity is a dimensionless density ratio with a defined reference and temperature conditions. Density has mass-per-volume units.

Why do some densities appear as ranges?

Some manufacturers publish product-family or specification ranges. Both endpoints are retained and converted to the other units; no midpoint is selected as a verified material value. Choose an exact product or measure the supplied material when one number is required.

Density Chart — Metals, Plastics, Liquids & Gases

Density sources and limits: All 55 rows were reviewed by 2026-11-08. Values are tied to named products, species, reference models, published ranges or explicit calculations. Read each row’s conditions and unresolved details; source coverage does not certify your material or batch. Full sources, values and limits on this page.

Page last changed 2026-11-08 · based on Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row

Quick Answer

Density is mass per unit volume. TECAMID 66 natural is 1.14 g/cm³, greater than water at approximately 1.000 g/cm³ near 4 °C. Water density is not an exact SI definition. Read the material and conditions before using a value. A named product, a model reference and a bulk-density range are different kinds of evidence; none verifies every grade sold under a broad material name.

Find a material

55 density references

Density of Common Materials

Material^[1]	Class^[1]	Density g/cm³^[1]	Density kg/m³^[2]	Density lb/ft³^[3]	Density lb/in³^[3]	Product, conditions and source^[1]
Air (20 °C, 1 atm) #	Gas	0.00120456	1.20456	0.0751982	4.35175e-05	Calculated reference. Dry reference air; water mole fraction 0; assumed CO2 mole fraction 0.0004 (400 ppm). 20 °C (293.15 K); absolute pressure 101325 Pa (1 atm); dry air. Picard et al., Revised formula for the density of moist air (CIPM-2007), Metrologia 45 (2008) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p2 / printed p150, equation 1 and molar mass; PDF p5–6 / printed p153–154, Appendix A1.4 and constants. Calculated reference, not measured ambient air. The 400 ppm CO2 input is an explicit reference assumption. Humidity and composition change density. Uses the constants in the cited CIPM-2007 formula. Calculation: CIPM-2007, dry-air case: rho=pMa/(ZR*T); evaluated density 1.204557342 kg/m³ at the conditions above. Displayed values are rounded. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Hydrogen #	Gas	0.0000899	0.0899	0.00561227	3.24784e-06	Source-scoped reference. H2; CAS 1333-74-0 Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Hydrogen ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Helium #	Gas	0.0001784	0.1784	0.0111371	6.44511e-06	Source-scoped reference. He; CAS 7440-59-7 Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Helium ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Nitrogen #	Gas	0.0012501	1.2501	0.0780412	4.51627e-05	Source-scoped reference. N2; CAS 7727-37-9 Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Nitrogen ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Oxygen #	Gas	0.0014287	1.4287	0.0891908	5.16151e-05	Source-scoped reference. O2; CAS 7782-44-7 Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Oxygen ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Carbon dioxide #	Gas	0.0019763	1.9763	0.123376	7.13984e-05	Source-scoped reference. CO2; CAS 124-38-9 Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Carbon dioxide ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Methane (pure gas; not a natural-gas mixture) #	Gas	0.0007173	0.7173	0.0447796	2.59141e-05	Source-scoped reference. Pure CH4; CAS 74-82-8. This is a methane reference, not a natural-gas mixture. Gas phase; 0 °C; 1.013 bar, as stated by the publisher. Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Methane ↗ Source locator and limits Physical Properties → Gas Phase → 0 °C tab; gas-density row under Pressure 1.013 bar. Publisher gas-phase value at 0 °C, not its separate 15 °C volume-converter default or its boiling-point density. The stated pressure is 1.013 bar; do not relabel as exactly 1 atm. Convert kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Natural gas requires its actual mixture composition; pure methane must be named in the visible row scope. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Water (4 °C) #	Liquid	1.000	1000	62.428	0.0361273	Source-scoped reference. Air-free water at 4 °C. Rounded from 0.9999749477 g/cm³ evaluated using the source equation; not an exact SI definition. Pressure is not an input in this equation. NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Water (20 °C) #	Liquid	0.998	998	62.3031	0.036055	Source-scoped reference. Air-free water at 20 °C. Rounded from 0.9982067456 g/cm³ evaluated using the source equation. Not a precision value for arbitrary water composition or pressure. NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Seawater — 35 g/kg absolute salinity, 20 °C #	Liquid	1.02464	1024.64	63.9662	0.0370175	Calculated reference. TEOS-10 reference-composition seawater at Absolute Salinity 35 g/kg (3.5% by mass). In-situ temperature 20 °C (ITS-90); sea pressure 0 dbar, equivalent to absolute pressure 101325 Pa. TEOS-10 GSW-Python 3.6.23 — gsw.density.rho_t_exact ↗ Source locator and limits rho_t_exact(SA,t,p) parameter and output definitions; TEOS-10 manual section 2.8; official example checked. Calculated with gsw==3.6.23. Absolute Salinity 35 g/kg is the defined input, not an unqualified Practical Salinity 35 and not a 3.5% sodium-chloride brine. The result changes with temperature, pressure and salinity. Calculation: gsw.rho_t_exact(SA,t,p); evaluated density 1024.640773 kg/m³ at the conditions above. Displayed values are rounded. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Mercury #	Liquid	13.5336	13533.6	844.875	0.488932	Source-scoped reference. Elemental liquid mercury; reference density in NBS manometry tables. 25 °C; 1 atm. NBS Monograph 8 — Mercury Barometers and Manometers (1960) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p53 / printed p47, Table 3A, 25 °C row = 13.5336 g/cm³; PDF p10 / printed p4, section 4.1 states 1 atm. Uses the published NBS Table 3A value. The existing 13.534 is a coarser rounded value, also reproduced in ATSDR's secondary compilation at 25 °C. This historical reference is not a sample-specific calibration certificate. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Ethanol #	Liquid	0.789	789	49.2557	0.0285044	Source-scoped reference. Sigma-Aldrich 459844 pure, non-denatured ethanol; ACS reagent; assay ≥99.5%; 200 proof. Liquid; 20 °C. Density test method and pressure are not stated on the product page. Sigma-Aldrich 459844 — Ethyl alcohol, Pure ↗ Source locator and limits Properties → density: 0.789 g/mL at 20 °C; product identity and assay in the same page. Manufacturer reference for the named ethanol grade, not for diluted or denatured ethanol. g/mL and g/cm³ are numerically equal. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Methanol #	Liquid	0.791–0.793	791–793	49.3805–49.5054	0.0285767–0.0286489	Published range — no midpoint selected. FUJIFILM Wako methanol for dioxins analysis; 136-13461 / 132-13463; assay 99.8+% by capillary GC. Liquid; 20 °C. Density test method and pressure are not stated in the property table. FUJIFILM Wako — Methanol for Dioxins Analysis ↗ Source locator and limits Property table → Density: 0.791–0.793 g/mL (20 degrees C); product numbers and assay above. The manufacturer publishes a range. Keep both endpoints; the previous 0.792 is inside the range but must not be presented as a newly verified single value or midpoint recommendation. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Glycerol #	Liquid	1.261	1261	78.7217	0.0455565	Source-scoped reference. Merck / Sigma-Aldrich 1.04095 glycerol suitable for fluorescence; liquid; listed purity >99.5%. 20 °C. Density test method and pressure are not stated on the product page. Merck / Sigma-Aldrich 1.04095 — Glycerol ↗ Source locator and limits Properties → density: 1.261 g/cm³ at 20 °C; General description lists purity >99.5%. Reference for the named high-purity glycerol product. Do not apply to unspecified aqueous glycerol mixtures. The description also gives a coarser 1.26; use the temperature-qualified property entry. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Gasoline — Shell 002D6794, 15 °C #	Liquid	0.7400	740	46.1967	0.0267342	Source-scoped reference. Shell Gasoline, product 002D6794; Malaysia SDS 800010035750, supplier Shell Eastern Trading (PTE) Ltd. Liquid; 15 °C. Density method and pressure are not stated in the SDS density entry. Shell Gasoline SDS — MY, version 4.0, revised 2026-07-16 ↗ Source locator and limits Downloaded PDF p1/36 identifies product and revision; section 9, PDF p14/36: density 740.0 kg/m³ at 15.0 °C. Specific supplier/SDS example, not a universal gasoline constant. The downloaded document is v4.0 (2026-07-16), newer than the search snippet; use the actual PDF. Convert 740.0 kg/m³ ÷ 1000. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Diesel — ENAP B1 general limits, 15 °C #	Liquid	0.82–0.85	820–850	51.1909–53.0638	0.0296244–0.0307082	Published range — no midpoint selected. ENAP Chile diesel grade B1; general regional density limits, excluding the lower-minimum exception for Regions XI and XII. 15 °C; ASTM D4052 or D1298. Pressure is not stated in the property table. ENAP — Petróleo Diesel Grado B1, DS 39 de 2024 ↗ Source locator and limits Product specification table: density at 15 °C maximum 850, minimum 820 kg/m³; footnote a permits minimum 815 in Regions XI/XII. Published specification limits, not a measured or typical batch value. Preserve the range. ENAP's stated exception for Regions XI and XII permits 0.815 g/cm³ minimum; the displayed range applies to the general B1 requirement only. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Jet A-1 — ExxonMobil limits, 15 °C #	Liquid	0.775–0.84	775–840	48.3817–52.4395	0.0279987–0.0303469	Published range — no midpoint selected. ExxonMobil Jet A-1 kerosene-type aviation fuel; published product specification limits. 15 °C. Density test method and pressure are not stated beside the property limits. ExxonMobil Jet A-1 — specifications and product properties ↗ Source locator and limits Product Properties ASTM D1655, CGSB 3.23 and Def. Stan 91-091 → Jet A-1 column → Density @15 °C: 775.0 to 840.0 kg/m³. Range for the named Jet A-1 specification, not all kerosene products and not a recommended midpoint. The old 0.81 lies within the limits but is not established as the batch's density by this source. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Hydraulic oil — Mobil DTE 25 Ultra ISO 46 #	Liquid	0.8667	866.7	54.1063	0.0313115	Source-scoped reference. Mobil DTE 25 Ultra, ISO VG 46, as published on Mobil India's product page. 15.6 °C; ASTM D4052. Pressure is not stated in the property table. Mobil India — Mobil DTE 20 Ultra Series ↗ Source locator and limits Properties and Specifications → MOBIL DTE 25 ULTRA column, Grade ISO 46 → Density @15.6 °C, kg/l, ASTM D4052: 0.8667. Named product example: ISO VG 46 defines a viscosity grade, not a universal density. Checked the grade and product column together; 0.8596 belongs to ISO 32, not ISO 46. kg/L and g/cm³ are numerically equal. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Engine oil — Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40 #	Liquid	0.869	869	54.2499	0.0313946	Source-scoped reference. Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40, Qatar product-data page (EU-XX PDS), dated 09-2026. 15 °C; ASTM D4052. Pressure is not stated in the property table. Mobil — Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40, EU-XX PDS ↗ Source locator and limits Properties and Specifications: Grade SAE 15W-40; Density @15 °C, kg/l, ASTM D4052: 0.869; page dated 09-2026. Named regional product example. SAE 15W-40 defines a viscosity grade, so other formulations or regional PDS can have different densities. kg/L and g/cm³ are numerically equal. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Magnesium — AZ31B-F #	Metal	1.77	1770	110.497	0.0639453	Source-scoped reference. Magnesium AZ31B-F; Galaxy Magnesium published alloy specification F condition is explicit. Density test temperature, method and a specific delivery-form specimen are not stated. Galaxy Magnesium — Magnesium-AZ31B-F technical and functional specifications ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 1, Physical Properties / Density; p. 2, delivery format and external reference AZ31B-F example, not a universal magnesium-alloy value. The former 1.74 g/cm³ matches the NIST elemental-magnesium reference, so it must not be presented as a generic alloy density. The supplier sheet cites an external AZoM reference and gives no independent density-test report. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Aluminium #	Metal	2.7	2700	168.555	0.0975437	Source-scoped reference. 6061 rod/bar example: nominal density at 20 °C. Temper is not separately assigned to this density row. Not a pure-aluminum value or an all-alloy guarantee. Kaiser 6061 Rod and Bar, page 2, Typical Physical Properties ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Titanium #	Metal	4.51	4510	281.55	0.162934	Source-scoped reference. Commercially pure Grade 2 / TIMETAL 50A example, not every titanium alloy. The density row does not separately specify temperature or condition; adjacent elastic-modulus temperature notes do not qualify density. TIMETAL 50A datasheet, page 1, Table 2 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Zinc (elemental reference) #	Metal	7.133	7133	445.299	0.257696	Source-scoped reference. Elemental zinc; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Table does not state density temperature, pressure, purity or metallurgical condition. NIST — X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Table 1 ↗ Source locator and limits Table 1, Z = 30, Zinc row, Density (g/cm³) NIST assumed elemental reference value: 7.133 g/cm³. The table notes that some densities are nominal. Use as a reference estimate, not as a certified density for an alloy, grade or production batch. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Cast iron — EN-GJL-200 #	Metal	7.15	7150	446.36	0.25831	Source-scoped reference. EN-GJL-200 gray cast iron; Georg Röth foundry guide value Source describes guide data from separately cast test bars; density temperature and method are not stated. Georg Röth — Grey and ductile iron grades ↗ Source locator and limits Specifications Grey iron table, EN-GJL-200 column, Density [g/cm³]; explanatory paragraph above table 7.15 g/cm³ is the foundry's guide for EN-GJL-200, not every gray-iron grade. The same table gives 7.10–7.25 for other grades, and warns that actual castings vary with geometry and production. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Carbon steel #	Metal	7.85	7850	490.059	0.283599	Source-scoped reference. Approximate steel reference. Exact grade, condition, test temperature and method are not specified in this source statement; confirm the supplied product for mass-critical work. SSAB, 20 questions about steel, question 3 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Stainless steel 304 #	Metal	7.9	7900	493.181	0.285406	Source-scoped reference. Core 304/4301 reference physical property. Density temperature and treatment are not separately stated in this row. The manufacturer table cites EN 10088-1; this is not an independent reading of the full standard. Outokumpu Core datasheet, page 10, Table 7, Core 304/4301 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Stainless steel 316 #	Metal	8	8000	499.424	0.289018	Source-scoped reference. Supra 316/4401 reference physical property. Density temperature and treatment are not separately stated in this row; not a batch guarantee. Outokumpu Supra datasheet, page 8, Table 7, Supra 316/4401 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Copper #	Metal	8.93	8930	557.482	0.322617	Source-scoped reference. Aurubis ETP / UNS C110 example for bonding applications. Density temperature and state are not separately stated. This sourced example replaces the former untraced 8.94 reference. Aurubis Copper Solutions 2024, page 2, ETP / Density ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Brass (60/40) #	Metal	8.41	8410	525.019	0.303831	Source-scoped reference. CW509L / CuZn40 bars, hollow bars and wire; reference density at 20 °C, treatment not separately specified. This product-scoped example replaces the former generic 8.50 value. HME CW509L CuZn40, version 07.2021, page 1 ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Phosphor bronze — CuSn6, 20 °C #	Metal	8.80	8800	549.366	0.31792	Source-scoped reference. CuSn6 / CW452K / UNS C51900 phosphor bronze; Robert Laminage RLSA 506 20 °C explicitly stated in density row; density-specific temper and test method are not stated. Robert Laminage — CuSn6 datasheet ↗ Source locator and limits Physical properties, Density (20°C): 8.80 kg/dm³; composition and designations on same sheet CuSn6 manufacturer example at 20 °C. Published 8.80 kg/dm³ equals 8.80 g/cm³. Other phosphor-bronze grades and suppliers must be checked separately. This source labels its datasheet non-contractual. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Nickel (elemental reference) #	Metal	8.902	8902	555.734	0.321605	Source-scoped reference. Elemental nickel; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Table does not state density temperature, pressure, purity or metallurgical condition. NIST — X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Table 1 ↗ Source locator and limits Table 1, Z = 28, Nickel row, Density (g/cm³) NIST assumed elemental reference value: 8.902 g/cm³. The table notes that some densities are nominal. Use as a reference estimate, not as a certified density for an alloy, grade or production batch. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Lead (elemental reference) #	Metal	11.35	11350	708.557	0.410045	Source-scoped reference. Elemental lead; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Table does not state density temperature, pressure, purity or metallurgical condition. NIST — X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Table 1 ↗ Source locator and limits Table 1, Z = 82, Lead row, Density (g/cm³) NIST assumed elemental reference value: 11.35 g/cm³. The table notes that some densities are nominal. Use as a reference estimate, not as a certified density for an alloy, grade or production batch. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Tungsten #	Metal	19.25	19250	1201.74	0.69545	Source-scoped reference. Tungsten metal; Plansee Group reference property Density temperature, test method and product porosity are not specified. Plansee Group — Tungsten ↗ Source locator and limits What is tungsten? / Density of tungsten 19.25 g/cm³ is a tungsten-metal reference value. Do not apply it to tungsten carbide, heavy-metal alloys or a porous powder compact. The page does not certify the density of a supplied part. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Concrete (normal weight, wet) #	Building material	2.4	2400	149.827	0.0867055	Source-scoped reference. Tata Steel ComFlor 51 design-table assumption for normal-weight wet concrete; not a measured concrete batch. Wet state. Temperature, mix and test method are not specified in this design assumption. Tata Steel ComFlor 51 — design information ↗ Source locator and limits Composite slab volume and weight, note 3: normal weight wet 2400 kg/m³; dry 2350 kg/m³. The displayed wet value must not be used as the stated dry value. This cites the manufacturer table, not an independent reading of Eurocode. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Glass (soda-lime float) #	Building material	2.5	2500	156.07	0.0903182	Source-scoped reference. Pilkington soda-lime-silica float glass reference. Density temperature is not separately stated. The adjacent 75 °F thermal-property notes do not qualify density. Pilkington ATS-129, April 2025 ↗ Source locator and limits PDF page 2, Density: 2500 kg/m³ (also rounded to 156 lb/ft³). Metric source value retained; imperial columns are calculated from it. Not every glass formulation. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Brick — Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm #	Building material	2.19	2190	136.717	0.0791188	Source-scoped reference. Wienerberger Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm, Kingsbury, extruded wirecut brick; specific product example. Gross dry density. Gross volume is not solid clay particle volume or an assembled wall with mortar. Wienerberger Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm — technical data ↗ Source locator and limits Technical data: Gross Dry Density 2190 kg/m³; 215 × 102.5 × 73 mm. Replaces the untraced generic 1.92 value with a named engineering-brick example; not a universal common-brick density. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Granite — Coldspring slab #	Building material	2.72	2720	169.804	0.0982662	Calculated reference. Coldspring Granite Slab approximate weight-density reference. Temperature and moisture state are not separately stated. Coldspring Granite Slab technical data, February 2025 Rev. F ↗ Source locator and limits Page 1, Weight: approximately 170 lb/ft³. The separate technical minimum is 165 lb/ft³. Converted approximately 170 lb/ft³ to 2.72314 g/cm³, rounded to 2.72. Natural stone varies; the minimum is not the typical value. Calculation: 170 × 0.45359237 / 0.3048³ / 1000 = 2.7231387736 g/cm³; displayed 2.72. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Sand — Sibelco HST80 bulk #	Building material	1.471	1471	91.8315	0.0531432	Source-scoped reference. Sibelco UK SILICA SAND DRY HST80, typical bulk density including void space. The physical-properties table carries a 30 cm tension / ASTM F1815-11 note. Do not interpret this as a universal loose-poured dry-sand test. Sibelco SILICA SAND DRY HST80, FR170 v1.1 ↗ Source locator and limits PDF page 2, Physical properties, Bulk Density: 1471 kg/m³; table footnote retained. Product-specific bulk value; not quartz particle density. Packing and water condition must match the intended use. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Cement — bagged GP bulk range #	Building material	1–1.3	1000–1300	62.428–81.1563	0.0361273–0.0469655	Published range — no midpoint selected. Cement Australia bagged General Purpose cement bulk-density range, not particle density. Bagged condition. The FAQ does not specify a standardized loose-pouring/compaction method, temperature or moisture condition. Cement Australia FAQ — density of cement ↗ Source locator and limits What is the density of cement? Bagged GP cement approximately 1000–1300 kg/m³. Replaces the untraced single value 1.44. The separately listed Builders Cement range is not used; no midpoint is selected. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Gypsum board — Gyproc product range #	Building material	0.6–1	600–1000	37.4568–62.428	0.0216764–0.0361273	Published range — no midpoint selected. British Gypsum approximate range across Gyproc plasterboard types. Board type determines density; moisture and temperature are not given in the FAQ. British Gypsum — density of Gyproc plasterboards ↗ Source locator and limits FAQ: approximately 600–1000 kg/m³ depending on board type. For a specific board, the source directs users to mass per area divided by thickness. No 800 kg/m³ midpoint is presented as a verified product value. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Rigid PVC — SIMONA PVC-CAW #	Plastic	1.440	1440	89.8963	0.0520233	Source-scoped reference. SIMONA PVC-CAW rigid PVC; manufacturer material-table example DIN EN ISO 1183. Density temperature is not stated. The brochure says guide data generally comes from 4 mm extruded sheet specimens; pressed-sheet data generally uses 20 mm sheets. SIMONA — Solid and hollow rods, material specifications (07/2020) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 4, Density row / PVC-CAW column and specimen footnote Guide density for SIMONA PVC-CAW, not all rigid PVC. The material table uses sheet-based guide data; do not treat 1.440 as a measured density guaranteed for every rod or downstream part. Service-temperature ranges elsewhere in the table are not density test temperatures. Use this density in a mass estimate →
PMMA — PLEXIGLAS GS #	Plastic	1.19	1190	74.2893	0.0429915	Source-scoped reference. PLEXIGLAS GS 0F00 / 0Z09 cast acrylic; manufacturer product example 23 °C and 50% relative humidity; ISO 1183, explicitly shared table conditions. PLEXIGLAS — GS and XT technical information, Ref. 211-1 ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 4/7, Typical property values heading and Density row, GS column 1.19 g/cm³ is a typical value for the named PLEXIGLAS GS grades at 23 °C and 50% RH, not a guarantee for all PMMA blends or filled grades. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Polycarbonate — TECANAT natural #	Plastic	1.19	1190	74.2893	0.0429915	Source-scoped reference. Ensinger TECANAT natural transparent polycarbonate stock shapes Density test temperature and conditioning are not stated. Datasheet guideline; general specimen note describes extruded, machined reference specimens, usually Ø40–60 mm rods. Ensinger — TECANAT natural stock-shape datasheet (2023-07-19, AF) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 1, top-left Density and bottom specimen/guideline disclaimer 1.19 g/cm³ applies to TECANAT natural. Do not borrow the 23 °C water-absorption condition for density or apply this value to filled polycarbonate. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Nylon 6/6 #	Plastic	1.14	1140	71.1679	0.0411851	Source-scoped reference. Unfilled PA66 product example, not all nylon grades. Denser than water at approximately 1 g/cm³. Density test temperature and moisture conditioning are not separately stated; not a guaranteed property. Ensinger USA TECAMID 66 natural, Facts / density ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
Acetal (POM) #	Plastic	1.41	1410	88.0234	0.0509395	Source-scoped reference. Unfilled POM-C / TECAFORM AH natural example. Not POM-H or filled compounds. Density test temperature is not separately stated; product-sheet values are references, not guaranteed properties. Ensinger TECAFORM AH natural, Facts / density ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
PTFE — TECAFLON natural #	Plastic	2.15	2150	134.22	0.0776737	Source-scoped reference. Ensinger TECAFLON PTFE natural, unfilled white PTFE stock shapes Product page does not state a density test temperature or conditioning. The manufacturer aerospace table lists DIN EN ISO 1183 for this density. Ensinger — TECAFLON PTFE natural ↗ Source locator and limits Facts / Density; unfilled product heading; Aerospace stock-shapes brochure p. 23 confirms material column 2.15 g/cm³ is the guide value for unfilled TECAFLON PTFE natural. Filled PTFE grades require their own density. The service-temperature and water-absorption conditions do not describe the density measurement. Use this density in a mass estimate →
PEEK #	Plastic	1.31	1310	81.7806	0.0473268	Source-scoped reference. Unfilled TECAPEEK natural product example. Density test temperature is not separately stated; not a guaranteed property. This example replaces the former generic 1.30 reference; filled compounds need their own data. Ensinger TECAPEEK natural, Facts / density ↗ Use this density in a mass estimate →
UHMW-PE — TECAFINE PE1000 #	Plastic	0.93	930	58.058	0.0335984	Source-scoped reference. Ensinger TECAFINE PE1000 natural, white PE-UHMW Density temperature, method and conditioning are not specified on the product page. Ensinger — TECAFINE PE1000 natural ↗ Source locator and limits Facts: Chemical designation PE-UHMW; Colour white; Density 0.93 g/cm³ 0.93 g/cm³ is the listed density for this PE-UHMW product. Other molecular-weight grades, colours, fillers or regenerated products must be checked separately. Use this density in a mass estimate →
HDPE — SIMONA PE-HD natural #	Plastic	0.950	950	59.3066	0.0343209	Source-scoped reference. SIMONA PE-HD natural; manufacturer material-table example DIN EN ISO 1183. Density temperature is not stated. The brochure says guide data generally comes from 4 mm extruded sheet specimens; pressed-sheet data generally uses 20 mm sheets. SIMONA — Solid and hollow rods, material specifications (07/2020) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 4, Density row / PE-HD natural column and specimen footnote 0.950 g/cm³ is the manufacturer guide for PE-HD natural. Do not generalize to filled or coloured grades; processing and test specimens can change the result. Service-temperature ranges in the table are not density test temperatures. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Polypropylene — SIMONA PP-H natural #	Plastic	0.900	900	56.1852	0.0325146	Source-scoped reference. SIMONA PP-H natural; manufacturer material-table example DIN EN ISO 1183. Density temperature is not stated. The brochure says guide data generally comes from 4 mm extruded sheet specimens; pressed-sheet data generally uses 20 mm sheets. SIMONA — Solid and hollow rods, material specifications (07/2020) ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 4, Density row / PP-H natural column and specimen footnote 0.900 g/cm³ is the manufacturer guide for PP-H natural. Do not generalize to filled or coloured grades; processing and test specimens can change the result. Service-temperature ranges in the table are not density test temperatures. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Balsa — BALTEK SBC.100 rigid sheet #	Wood	0.148	148	9.23934	0.00534684	Source-scoped reference. 3A Composites BALTEK SBC.100 rigid end-grain balsa sheet; Ochroma pyramidale. Kiln-dried product; nominal sheet density under ASTM C271. Moisture percentage and test temperature are not stated. 3A Composites BALTEK SBC technical data, July 2025 ↗ Source locator and limits PDF page 2, SBC.100 column: nominal sheet density 148 kg/m³, sheet-density range 136–176 kg/m³. Nominal product example, not all balsa timber. Its published range is 0.136–0.176 g/cm³. The USDA green basic specific gravity 0.16 was not treated as density. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Pine — eastern white, 12% moisture #	Wood	0.392	392	24.4718	0.0141619	Calculated reference. Eastern white pine, estimated mean clear-wood density calculated from the USDA 12% specific-gravity row. 12% moisture content on an oven-dry mass basis. Temperature is not assigned to the density calculation. USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14 ↗ Source locator and limits Chapter 5, printed 5–7, Table 5–3a: G12 = 0.35; footnote b on 5–8 defines oven-dry mass / volume at 12% moisture. Specific gravity is not copied as density. The computed mean is not a timber lot guarantee; other species and moisture conditions need their own data. Calculation: ρ12 = 1000 × 0.35 × (1 + 12/100) = 392.0 kg/m³. USDA Wood Handbook Chapter 4, Equation 4–14 ↗ — Printed 4–12: density = water reference density × Gx × (1 + x/100). Use this density in a mass estimate →
Oak — white, 12% moisture #	Wood	0.7616	761.6	47.5451	0.0275145	Calculated reference. White oak, estimated mean clear-wood density calculated from the USDA 12% specific-gravity row. 12% moisture content on an oven-dry mass basis. Temperature is not assigned to the density calculation. USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14 ↗ Source locator and limits Chapter 5, printed 5–6, Table 5–3a: G12 = 0.68; footnote b on 5–8 defines oven-dry mass / volume at 12% moisture. Specific gravity is not copied as density. The computed mean is not a timber lot guarantee; other species and moisture conditions need their own data. Calculation: ρ12 = 1000 × 0.68 × (1 + 12/100) = 761.6 kg/m³. USDA Wood Handbook Chapter 4, Equation 4–14 ↗ — Printed 4–12: density = water reference density × Gx × (1 + x/100). Use this density in a mass estimate →
Natural rubber (NIST reference) #	Elastomer	0.920	920	57.4337	0.0332371	Source-scoped reference. NIST RUBBER, NATURAL material-composition reference NIST lists H/C mass fractions and density; temperature, cure state, filler loading and test method are not specified. NIST STAR — Composition of RUBBER, NATURAL ↗ Source locator and limits Density (g/cm³) = 9.20000E-01 and composition table 0.920 g/cm³ is NIST's natural-rubber reference medium for stopping-power calculations. It is not a specification for a commercial rubber sheet, vulcanized compound or filled elastomer. Cure and filler state remain unspecified. Use this density in a mass estimate →
Ice Ih (normal-pressure melting point) #	Other	0.917	917	57.2464	0.0331287	Source-scoped reference. Pure ordinary-water ice Ih at its normal-pressure melting point 273.152519 K (approximately 0 °C), 101325 Pa; IAPWS equilibrium ice Ih equation-of-state check value. IAPWS R10-06(2009) — Revised Release on the Equation of State 2006 for H2O Ice Ih ↗ Source locator and limits PDF p. 12, Table 6, density ρ row, normal-pressure melting-point column Rounded from the published 916.721463419 kg/m³ at the stated melting point and pressure. Use for pure ice Ih, not snow, porous ice or saline ice. Calculation: 916.721463419 kg/m³ / 1000 = 0.916721463419 g/cm³; rounded to three significant figures = 0.917 g/cm³. Use this density in a mass estimate →

Rows identify a specific product, species, model reference or stated design assumption. Ranges stay ranges in all four units. Conditions not supplied by a source remain unspecified. Existing row links are retained when labels are made more precise.

Read the source scope before using a density

All 55 rows were reviewed by 8 November 2026; 55 have a scoped numeric source or calculation and 0 still lack a numeric source. Source coverage does not mean that every temperature, batch condition or test method is known. Each row states the material or product covered and identifies conditions the source does not supply.

Examples include AZ31B-F magnesium alloy, specific unfilled polymer products, dry gross brick density and wet concrete design assumptions. NIST elemental and natural-rubber values are reference media for calculations, not production-batch certificates. The AZ31B-F supplier sheet cites an external reference and supplies no independent density-test report.

Keep ranges, bulk density and wood moisture separate

The methanol, diesel, jet-fuel, cement and plasterboard rows retain the ranges stated by their sources. Their converted columns preserve both endpoints; the table does not silently choose a midpoint. Bulk cement and sand values include void space and must not be substituted for solid particle density.

The eastern white pine and white oak examples use USDA specific gravity at 12% moisture and the handbook density equation: ρ = 1000 × G₁₂ × (1 + 12/100) kg/m³. This gives approximately 392 and 761.6 kg/m³ respectively. Specific gravity based on oven-dry mass is not copied directly as moist-wood density. See both the table and equation linked in those rows.

Density, relative density and specific weight

Density is mass per volume, such as kg/m³. Relative density (specific gravity) is the dimensionless ratio of sample density to a stated reference density; record the temperature conditions for both. A numerical resemblance to density in g/cm³ is approximate when the water reference is close to 1 g/cm³, not an equality by definition.

Specific weight is gravitational force per volume: density × gravitational acceleration. Use N/m³ or lbf/ft³ for force-based quantities; the lb columns here are mass density. Mass = density × volume; weight as a force additionally depends on gravity.

Water is a measured or modelled reference, not the SI definition

The two water rows use rounded results from NIST GLP 10 Equation 1 for air-free water. Evaluating it at 4 °C gives about 999.97495 kg/m³ and at 20 °C about 998.20675 kg/m³. These are not exact values for every pressure, composition or dissolved-air condition.

The current SI kilogram definition fixes the Planck constant; it is not defined by a volume of water. A litre is 0.001 m³, not a mass of water.

Use the appropriate material and conditions

Composition, temperature, fillers, moisture, pores and packing can change density. A bulk powder or aggregate density includes void space and is not the density of its solid constituents. Where the source does not state a condition, this table leaves that condition unspecified rather than assigning room temperature to every row.

For a mass estimate, use consistent units: kg/m³ × m³ = kg. For example, using an explicitly assumed 7,850 kg/m³, a 2 m × 1 m × 0.010 m plate has a calculated mass of 157 kg. This arithmetic example does not establish a supplied plate’s actual density.

Estimate sheet or plate mass →Check material identity and condition →6061 product and condition scope →4140 identity and heat-treatment scope →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Nylon 6/6 lighter than water?: The sourced unfilled TECAMID 66 natural example is 1.14 g/cm³, greater than water at approximately 1 g/cm³. Filled grades and moisture conditions require their own data.
Is water exactly 1 g/cm³?: No. The 4 °C row is a rounded model-based reference for air-free water. Density depends on conditions, and the current SI kilogram is not defined by water density.
Does a source make a value valid for every material with that name?: No. All 55 rows have been reviewed, but a source can cover only a named product, material model, species or range. Conditions not supplied by that source remain explicitly unspecified. Confirm your grade, temperature, moisture or packing before using a value.
How do I convert density into mass?: Multiply density by volume in compatible units. Density in kg/m³ times volume in m³ gives mass in kg. A weight force additionally requires gravitational acceleration.
Is specific gravity the same as density?: No. Specific gravity is a dimensionless density ratio with a defined reference and temperature conditions. Density has mass-per-volume units.
Why do some densities appear as ranges?: Some manufacturers publish product-family or specification ranges. Both endpoints are retained and converted to the other units; no midpoint is selected as a verified material value. Choose an exact product or measure the supplied material when one number is required.

Value Sources

References and calculation methods used for this page are listed below. Numbered markers connect table columns where present. A reference listing does not itself establish that every value has been independently checked.

#	Source	Type	Revision / method
[1]	Row-specific material, conditions and numeric sources	Published examples, ranges and explicit calculations	55 rows reviewed 2026-11-08; source scope and missing conditions are stated per row
[2]	Density converted from g/cm³ to kg/m³	derived	Multiply g/cm³ by 1000. This verifies only conversion arithmetic, not source density.
[3]	Mass-density conversions to lb/ft³ and lb/in³	derived	Use 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg, 1 ft = 0.3048 m and 1 in = 0.0254 m. Displayed results are rounded; source density must be verified separately.
[4]	BIPM: SI definition of the kilogram	reference	Current definition accessed 2026-11-08; supports definition explanation, not density rows — source
[5]	NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[6]	Ensinger TECAFORM AH natural, Facts / density	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[7]	Ensinger TECAPEEK natural, Facts / density	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[8]	Picard et al., Revised formula for the density of moist air (CIPM-2007), Metrologia 45 (2008)	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[9]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Hydrogen	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[10]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Helium	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[11]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Nitrogen	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[12]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Oxygen	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[13]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Carbon dioxide	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[14]	Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Methane	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[15]	TEOS-10 GSW-Python 3.6.23 — gsw.density.rho_t_exact	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[16]	Kaiser 6061 Rod and Bar, page 2, Typical Physical Properties	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[17]	NBS Monograph 8 — Mercury Barometers and Manometers (1960)	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[18]	Sigma-Aldrich 459844 — Ethyl alcohol, Pure	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[19]	FUJIFILM Wako — Methanol for Dioxins Analysis	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[20]	Merck / Sigma-Aldrich 1.04095 — Glycerol	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[21]	Shell Gasoline SDS — MY, version 4.0, revised 2026-07-16	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[22]	ENAP — Petróleo Diesel Grado B1, DS 39 de 2024	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[23]	ExxonMobil Jet A-1 — specifications and product properties	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[24]	Mobil India — Mobil DTE 20 Ultra Series	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[25]	Mobil — Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40, EU-XX PDS	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[26]	Galaxy Magnesium — Magnesium-AZ31B-F technical and functional specifications	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[27]	TIMETAL 50A datasheet, page 1, Table 2	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[28]	NIST — X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Table 1	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[29]	Georg Röth — Grey and ductile iron grades	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[30]	Robert Laminage — CuSn6 datasheet	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[31]	Plansee Group — Tungsten	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[32]	SIMONA — Solid and hollow rods, material specifications (07/2020)	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[33]	PLEXIGLAS — GS and XT technical information, Ref. 211-1	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[34]	Ensinger — TECANAT natural stock-shape datasheet (2023-07-19, AF)	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[35]	Ensinger — TECAFLON PTFE natural	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[36]	Ensinger — TECAFINE PE1000 natural	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[37]	NIST STAR — Composition of RUBBER, NATURAL	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[38]	SSAB, 20 questions about steel, question 3	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[39]	IAPWS R10-06(2009) — Revised Release on the Equation of State 2006 for H2O Ice Ih	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[40]	Tata Steel ComFlor 51 — design information	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[41]	Pilkington ATS-129, April 2025	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[42]	Wienerberger Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm — technical data	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[43]	Coldspring Granite Slab technical data, February 2025 Rev. F	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[44]	Sibelco SILICA SAND DRY HST80, FR170 v1.1	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[45]	Cement Australia FAQ — density of cement	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[46]	British Gypsum — density of Gyproc plasterboards	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[47]	3A Composites BALTEK SBC technical data, July 2025	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[48]	USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[49]	Outokumpu Core datasheet, page 10, Table 7, Core 304/4301	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[50]	USDA Wood Handbook Chapter 4, Equation 4–14	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08 — source
[51]	USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[52]	Outokumpu Supra datasheet, page 8, Table 7, Supra 316/4401	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[53]	Aurubis Copper Solutions 2024, page 2, ETP / Density	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[54]	HME CW509L CuZn40, version 07.2021, page 1	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source
[55]	Ensinger USA TECAMID 66 natural, Facts / density	reference	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row — source

Data Sources

Standard	Revision	What it covers on this page
NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Water (4 °C); Water (20 °C)
Kaiser 6061 Rod and Bar, page 2, Typical Physical Properties	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Aluminium
TIMETAL 50A datasheet, page 1, Table 2	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Titanium
SSAB, 20 questions about steel, question 3	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Carbon steel
Outokumpu Core datasheet, page 10, Table 7, Core 304/4301	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Stainless steel 304
Outokumpu Supra datasheet, page 8, Table 7, Supra 316/4401	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Stainless steel 316
Aurubis Copper Solutions 2024, page 2, ETP / Density	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Copper
HME CW509L CuZn40, version 07.2021, page 1	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Brass (60/40)
Ensinger USA TECAMID 66 natural, Facts / density	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Nylon 6/6
Ensinger TECAFORM AH natural, Facts / density	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Acetal (POM)
Ensinger TECAPEEK natural, Facts / density	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	PEEK
Picard et al., Revised formula for the density of moist air (CIPM-2007), Metrologia 45 (2008)	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Air (20 °C, 1 atm)
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Hydrogen	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Hydrogen
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Helium	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Helium
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Nitrogen	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Nitrogen
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Oxygen	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Oxygen
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Carbon dioxide	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Carbon dioxide
Air Liquide Gas Encyclopedia — Methane	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Methane (pure gas; not a natural-gas mixture)
TEOS-10 GSW-Python 3.6.23 — gsw.density.rho_t_exact	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Seawater — 35 g/kg absolute salinity, 20 °C
NBS Monograph 8 — Mercury Barometers and Manometers (1960)	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Mercury
Sigma-Aldrich 459844 — Ethyl alcohol, Pure	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Ethanol
FUJIFILM Wako — Methanol for Dioxins Analysis	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Methanol
Merck / Sigma-Aldrich 1.04095 — Glycerol	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Glycerol
Shell Gasoline SDS — MY, version 4.0, revised 2026-07-16	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Gasoline — Shell 002D6794, 15 °C
ENAP — Petróleo Diesel Grado B1, DS 39 de 2024	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Diesel — ENAP B1 general limits, 15 °C
ExxonMobil Jet A-1 — specifications and product properties	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Jet A-1 — ExxonMobil limits, 15 °C
Mobil India — Mobil DTE 20 Ultra Series	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Hydraulic oil — Mobil DTE 25 Ultra ISO 46
Mobil — Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40, EU-XX PDS	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Engine oil — Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40
Galaxy Magnesium — Magnesium-AZ31B-F technical and functional specifications	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Magnesium — AZ31B-F
NIST — X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Table 1	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Zinc (elemental reference); Nickel (elemental reference); Lead (elemental reference)
Georg Röth — Grey and ductile iron grades	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Cast iron — EN-GJL-200
Robert Laminage — CuSn6 datasheet	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Phosphor bronze — CuSn6, 20 °C
Plansee Group — Tungsten	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Tungsten
SIMONA — Solid and hollow rods, material specifications (07/2020)	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Rigid PVC — SIMONA PVC-CAW; HDPE — SIMONA PE-HD natural; Polypropylene — SIMONA PP-H natural
PLEXIGLAS — GS and XT technical information, Ref. 211-1	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	PMMA — PLEXIGLAS GS
Ensinger — TECANAT natural stock-shape datasheet (2023-07-19, AF)	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Polycarbonate — TECANAT natural
Ensinger — TECAFLON PTFE natural	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	PTFE — TECAFLON natural
Ensinger — TECAFINE PE1000 natural	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	UHMW-PE — TECAFINE PE1000
NIST STAR — Composition of RUBBER, NATURAL	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Natural rubber (NIST reference)
IAPWS R10-06(2009) — Revised Release on the Equation of State 2006 for H2O Ice Ih	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Ice Ih (normal-pressure melting point)
Tata Steel ComFlor 51 — design information	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Concrete (normal weight, wet)
Pilkington ATS-129, April 2025	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Glass (soda-lime float)
Wienerberger Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm — technical data	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Brick — Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm
Coldspring Granite Slab technical data, February 2025 Rev. F	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Granite — Coldspring slab
Sibelco SILICA SAND DRY HST80, FR170 v1.1	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Sand — Sibelco HST80 bulk
Cement Australia FAQ — density of cement	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Cement — bagged GP bulk range
British Gypsum — density of Gyproc plasterboards	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Gypsum board — Gyproc product range
3A Composites BALTEK SBC technical data, July 2025	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Balsa — BALTEK SBC.100 rigid sheet
USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Pine — eastern white, 12% moisture
USDA Wood Handbook Chapter 4, Equation 4–14	Source reviewed 2026-11-08	Pine (softwood): Printed 4–12: density = water reference density × Gx × (1 + x/100).; Oak (hardwood): Printed 4–12: density = water reference density × Gx × (1 + x/100).
USDA Wood Handbook 2021, Table 5–3a and Equation 4–14	Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row	Oak — white, 12% moisture

Verification scope

2026-11-08 — Water (4 °C): Air-free water at 4 °C. Rounded from 0.9999749477 g/cm³ evaluated using the source equation; not an exact SI definition. Pressure is not an input in this equation. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Water (20 °C): Air-free water at 20 °C. Rounded from 0.9982067456 g/cm³ evaluated using the source equation. Not a precision value for arbitrary water composition or pressure. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Aluminium: 6061 rod/bar example: nominal density at 20 °C. Temper is not separately assigned to this density row. Not a pure-aluminum value or an all-alloy guarantee. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Titanium: Commercially pure Grade 2 / TIMETAL 50A example, not every titanium alloy. The density row does not separately specify temperature or condition; adjacent elastic-modulus temperature notes do not qualify density. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Carbon steel: Approximate steel reference. Exact grade, condition, test temperature and method are not specified in this source statement; confirm the supplied product for mass-critical work. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Stainless steel 304: Core 304/4301 reference physical property. Density temperature and treatment are not separately stated in this row. The manufacturer table cites EN 10088-1; this is not an independent reading of the full standard. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Stainless steel 316: Supra 316/4401 reference physical property. Density temperature and treatment are not separately stated in this row; not a batch guarantee. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Copper: Aurubis ETP / UNS C110 example for bonding applications. Density temperature and state are not separately stated. This sourced example replaces the former untraced 8.94 reference. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Brass (60/40): CW509L / CuZn40 bars, hollow bars and wire; reference density at 20 °C, treatment not separately specified. This product-scoped example replaces the former generic 8.50 value. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Nylon 6/6: Unfilled PA66 product example, not all nylon grades. Denser than water at approximately 1 g/cm³. Density test temperature and moisture conditioning are not separately stated; not a guaranteed property. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Acetal (POM): Unfilled POM-C / TECAFORM AH natural example. Not POM-H or filled compounds. Density test temperature is not separately stated; product-sheet values are references, not guaranteed properties. Evidence
2026-11-08 — PEEK: Unfilled TECAPEEK natural product example. Density test temperature is not separately stated; not a guaranteed property. This example replaces the former generic 1.30 reference; filled compounds need their own data. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Air (20 °C, 1 atm): Dry reference air; water mole fraction 0; assumed CO2 mole fraction 0.0004 (400 ppm). Evidence
2026-11-08 — Hydrogen: H2; CAS 1333-74-0 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Helium: He; CAS 7440-59-7 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Nitrogen: N2; CAS 7727-37-9 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Oxygen: O2; CAS 7782-44-7 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Carbon dioxide: CO2; CAS 124-38-9 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Natural gas (methane): Pure CH4; CAS 74-82-8. This is a methane reference, not a natural-gas mixture. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Sea water (3.5% salinity): TEOS-10 reference-composition seawater at Absolute Salinity 35 g/kg (3.5% by mass). Evidence
2026-11-08 — Mercury: Elemental liquid mercury; reference density in NBS manometry tables. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Ethanol: Sigma-Aldrich 459844 pure, non-denatured ethanol; ACS reagent; assay ≥99.5%; 200 proof. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Methanol: FUJIFILM Wako methanol for dioxins analysis; 136-13461 / 132-13463; assay 99.8+% by capillary GC. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Glycerol: Merck / Sigma-Aldrich 1.04095 glycerol suitable for fluorescence; liquid; listed purity >99.5%. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Gasoline: Shell Gasoline, product 002D6794; Malaysia SDS 800010035750, supplier Shell Eastern Trading (PTE) Ltd. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Diesel fuel: ENAP Chile diesel grade B1; general regional density limits, excluding the lower-minimum exception for Regions XI and XII. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Kerosene / jet fuel: ExxonMobil Jet A-1 kerosene-type aviation fuel; published product specification limits. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Hydraulic oil (ISO 46): Mobil DTE 25 Ultra, ISO VG 46, as published on Mobil India's product page. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Engine oil (SAE 15W-40): Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40, Qatar product-data page (EU-XX PDS), dated 09-2026. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Magnesium alloy: Magnesium AZ31B-F; Galaxy Magnesium published alloy specification Evidence
2026-11-08 — Zinc: Elemental zinc; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Evidence
2026-11-08 — Cast iron (gray): EN-GJL-200 gray cast iron; Georg Röth foundry guide value Evidence
2026-11-08 — Bronze (phosphor): CuSn6 / CW452K / UNS C51900 phosphor bronze; Robert Laminage RLSA 506 Evidence
2026-11-08 — Nickel: Elemental nickel; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Evidence
2026-11-08 — Lead: Elemental lead; NIST reference medium for X-ray attenuation evaluations Evidence
2026-11-08 — Tungsten: Tungsten metal; Plansee Group reference property Evidence
2026-11-08 — PVC (rigid): SIMONA PVC-CAW rigid PVC; manufacturer material-table example Evidence
2026-11-08 — Acrylic (PMMA): PLEXIGLAS GS 0F00 / 0Z09 cast acrylic; manufacturer product example Evidence
2026-11-08 — Polycarbonate: Ensinger TECANAT natural transparent polycarbonate stock shapes Evidence
2026-11-08 — PTFE: Ensinger TECAFLON PTFE natural, unfilled white PTFE stock shapes Evidence
2026-11-08 — UHMW-PE: Ensinger TECAFINE PE1000 natural, white PE-UHMW Evidence
2026-11-08 — HDPE: SIMONA PE-HD natural; manufacturer material-table example Evidence
2026-11-08 — Polypropylene: SIMONA PP-H natural; manufacturer material-table example Evidence
2026-11-08 — Rubber (natural): NIST RUBBER, NATURAL material-composition reference Evidence
2026-11-08 — Ice: Pure ordinary-water ice Ih at its normal-pressure melting point Evidence
2026-11-08 — Concrete (normal weight): Tata Steel ComFlor 51 design-table assumption for normal-weight wet concrete; not a measured concrete batch. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Glass (soda-lime): Pilkington soda-lime-silica float glass reference. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Brick (common): Wienerberger Blue Engineer Solid 73 mm, Kingsbury, extruded wirecut brick; specific product example. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Granite: Coldspring Granite Slab approximate weight-density reference. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Sand (dry): Sibelco UK SILICA SAND DRY HST80, typical bulk density including void space. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Cement (Portland, loose): Cement Australia bagged General Purpose cement bulk-density range, not particle density. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Gypsum board: British Gypsum approximate range across Gyproc plasterboard types. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Balsa: 3A Composites BALTEK SBC.100 rigid end-grain balsa sheet; Ochroma pyramidale. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Pine (softwood): Eastern white pine, estimated mean clear-wood density calculated from the USDA 12% specific-gravity row. Evidence
2026-11-08 — Oak (hardwood): White oak, estimated mean clear-wood density calculated from the USDA 12% specific-gravity row. Evidence

Derived values — the following values on this page are calculated, not taken directly from the standard:

Value	How it is derived
Converted density columns	Conversion from the displayed g/cm³ reference with stated unit definitions; displayed values rounded.

All 55 rows have been reviewed. Numeric evidence is limited to the named product, species, reference model, range or calculation. Missing temperatures, material states and test details remain explicitly unspecified; source coverage is not a batch guarantee.

Accuracy and use. Use the source notes and recorded verification scope above to assess each value. Calculated values follow the stated derivations; compilation values may lack a confirmed original document or product condition. No warranty, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of this information, and no liability is accepted for any loss or damage arising from its use. Engineering reference data is provided for guidance in preliminary work — before a value is used for design, fabrication or acceptance testing, verify it against the current revision of the governing standard and against your own inspection. The user assumes all risk and responsibility in connection with the use of this information.

Cite This Page

Read the source notes, calculation methods and verification scope above before reusing a value. To cite this page:

Plain text

Engineering Reference. "Density Chart." https://refmanual.com/charts/density-chart/ (accessed 2026-11-09). Data from NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4, Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row.

BibTeX

@misc{density-chart,
  title        = {Density Chart},
  author       = {{Engineering Reference}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://refmanual.com/charts/density-chart/}},
  note         = {Accessed: 2026-11-09},
  source       = {NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4, Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row}
}

RIS (EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley)

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Density Chart
AU  - Engineering Reference
PB  - Engineering Reference
UR  - https://refmanual.com/charts/density-chart/
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026-11-09
N1  - Source: NIST GLP 10, Equation 1, PDF page 4, Source reviewed 2026-11-08; locator and conditions in the corresponding row
ER  -

Each row in the tables above also has a permanent link — hover a row and use the # link to cite a single value rather than the whole page.