Engineering Reference

Water absorption (plastics)

The percentage of water a polymer takes up, and the dimensional change that follows.

Definition

Absorbed water acts as a plasticiser — it pushes the polymer chains apart, so the part swells and softens. Nylon 6/6 takes up 1.2 to 1.5% in 24 hours and about 2.5% at equilibrium, which grows a machined part by 0.5 to 1.5% linearly.

That movement happens after machining, so no amount of precision in the cut controls it. PTFE and UHMW-PE absorb almost nothing, which is why their tolerances look tighter relative to how soft they are.

Common misuse

Machining nylon dry to a tight tolerance and expecting it to hold. Condition the stock to the service humidity before the final cut, or design around the swell.

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