Surface quality

Which roughness conversions are valid?

A change of units preserves the parameter. A change from Ra to Rz or Rq needs additional information about the profile and the definition.

Units versus parameters

Ra 1.6 µm is approximately Ra 62.992126 µin. It is not an Rz value. The exact factor is 1 µin = 0.0254 µm.

What to do with a different parameter

Ask for the parameter required by the drawing to be measured or reported under its specified standard and conditions. An average absolute height does not determine profile extremes or the root-mean-square height.

Old N labels

N labels are legacy nominal Ra references. The complete table is maintained on the N-grade page; no process-capability or acceptance class is inferred here.

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Same-parameter unit examples; not cross-parameter predictions
InputOutput (rounded)What stayed the same
Ra 0.8 µmRa 31.496063 µinRa
Ra 1.6 µmRa 62.992126 µinRa
Rz 10 µmRz 393.700787 µinRz
Rz 1000 µinRz 25.4 µmRz

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All tolerance and surface references →

Sources and review scope

Reviewed 23 October 2026. Arithmetic examples are labelled separately from source-table facts and standard scope.

NIST SI Units — Length

International inch definition: exactly 25.4 mm. Other unit values on these pages are derived arithmetic.

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Mitutoyo roughness fundamentals

Parameter definitions explicitly scoped to JIS B 0601:2013 / ISO 4287:1997, Amd.1:2009; includes historical Rz differences.

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